Style refers to the characteristic features of how a piece of music is played or expected to sound div | Melody/Harmony Melody refers to the collection of musical tones grouped togther as a single unit.Harmony refers to the collection of multiple voices working together to form a cohesive group. | Rhythm/Tempo Tempo is how fast or slow the music is.Rhythm represents the placement of the sounds within the set frame of the tempo. | Texture/Structure/Form Texture is how the layers of sounds interact together in the music.Structure and Form are used to describe the construction of the music. E.g ABA | Timbre This is the distinction of unique qualities between different instruments or sounds. |
| | 6 ⁄ 8 - Six quaver (half beats) in every bar.
| AB/Binary - Musical Form
- Two Sections (A.B)
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Bothy Ballad - Northern Scottish Folk Song
- Unaccompanied
- Many Verses
| Chord progression I, IV, V, VI - This is a chord progression going from Chord 1 > 4 > 5 > 4.
- E.g Key of C Major , Cmaj > Fmaj > G maj > F Maj
| 9 ⁄ 8 - Nine quaver (half beats) in every bar.
| ABACA/Rondo - Musical Form
- Repeating A Section
| Arco - Using Bow on String Instrument
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Celtic Rock - Mixture of Scottish Folk and Rock
- Instruments such as Bagpipes, Electric Guitar/Bass and Drums
| Chromatic - Moving By Interval of Semitones
| 12 ⁄ 8 - Twelve quaver (half beats) in every bar.
| Alberti Bass - Broken Chord Accompaniment
- Low(1), High(5), Middle(3), High(5)
| Baritone - Male Voice
- Between Bass and Tenor
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Chorus - Meaning 1: A group of Singers
- Meaning 2: Music written for a Group of Singers
- Meaning 3: Primary Repeated Section in Lyrical Songs
| Cluster - Chord of clashing consecutive notes
| Cross Rhythms - Different contrasting rhythms played at the same time
| Coda - A passage which brings an end to the piece
| Bassoon - Lowest Member of Woodwind Family
- Double Reed
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Classical - Music written ~1750 - ~1830
| Contrary Motion - Parts moving in opposite directions
| Moderato - Medium Tempo Speed
- ~ 86 - 91 BPM
| Contrapuntal - Similar to Polyphonic
- Two or more independant melodic lines playing at the same time
| Bodhran - Celtic Drum
- Pronunciation: Bow - Rahn
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Gaelic Psalm - Gaelic Church Songs
- Call and Response
| Ritardando - When the tempo slows down
| Countermelody - Melody played counter to the main melody
| Episode - Links two sections of music together
- Common in Fugues
| Bongo Drums - Untuned Percussion
- Afro-Congo Instrument
- Pair of drums of different sizes
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Gospel - Lyrics about the bible.
- Popular upbeat style
| Descant - Vocalists
- Melody sung above the main melody
| Rubato - Flexible Tempo
- Tempo changes to follow intended expression
| Ground Bass - Repeated Pattern in the bass
- Upper parts are variated
- "Canon in D Cello Part"
| Castanets - Untuned Percussion
- Instrument originating from Spain
- Used in some spanish music
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Indian - Repeated Music Originating from India
- May use Instruments such as: Sitar and Tabla
| Glissando - Sliding from one note to another
| | Homophonic - All parts moving together rhytmically
| Clarsach - Scottish Instrument
- Like a small Harp
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Minimalist - Modern Style
- Repetitive Patterns
- Consonant Harmonies
- Simplicity layered towards forming complexity
| Grace Note - Ornament
- Quick crushed note before the main note in melody.
| | Polyphonic - Multiple independant melodic lines
- Similar to Contrapuntal
| Con Sordino - Muted sound
- The use of a mute device can be used on a Brass or String instrument.
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Pibroch - Normally a Bagpipe Soloist
- Repetitive Patterns
- Classical Highland Song
- Elaborate Variations on a theme.
| Imperfect Cadence - ? > V
- Last chord of phrase is V
- Doesn't sound complete
| | Strophic - Used to describe Vocal Music
- Each verse of a vocal piece uses the same music.
| Flutter Tounguing - Woodwind and Brass instrument technique
- There are many different methods but one is where the player rolls the letter r while playing.
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Symphony - Work for Orchestra
- Four Movements
| Inverted Pedal - Repeated or sustained note in upper register
- Also known as "Pedal Point"
| | Walking Bass - Used often in Jazz styles
- Where the bass moves in a 'walking' step by step manner
- Notes usually share the same note value
| French Horn - A Brass instrument which uses valves and is in a circular shape
- Probably originated in France
- Has some origin links to Germany
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Waulking Song - Work Song
- Gaelic work song sung when beating tweed
- Rhythmic thumping from Tweed
| Melismatic - Vocal Concept
- Multiple words to each syllable
| | | Melismatic - Vocal Concept
- Multiple words to each syllable
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| Modulation - Where the music changes key
- E.g Changing from C Major to F Major
| | | Mezzo Soprano - Female Voice
- Between Soprano and Alto
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| Perfect Cadence - V > I
- Where the music moves from Chord V to Chord I at the end of the piece
- Sounds complete
| | | Oboe - Woodwind Instrument
- Double Reed
- Nasal Piercing Sound
|
| Pitch Bend - Pitch of note is changed during it being played.
- E.g Bending Guitar String
| | | Piccolo - Small Woodwind Instrument
- Highest Sounding Member of Family
- Can play one octave higher than a flute
|
| Semitone - The smallest "conventional" interval between notes.
- E.g B > C or C > C#
| | | Pizzicato - Playing Technique
- Plucking the strings of a String instrument
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| Syllabic - Vocal Concept
- One word to each syllable
| | | Rolls - Quickly repeating the same note on a Percussion instrument
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| Tone - Moving by two semitones
- E.g C > D or E > F#
| | | Reverb - Short for Reverberation
- The echo or persistance of a sound once it has been played
- E.g The sound when shouting in a large Cathedral Hall or in a Cave.
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| Trill - Ornament
- Playing two adjacent notes alternating between them quickly
| | | Sitar - A stringed instrument originating in India
- Has similar features to a guitar but is much longer and has more strings
- Music is often improvised
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| Whole Tone Scale - A scale which moves in intervals of a Tone
- Sounds dreamy.
| | | Tabla - A percussion instrument originating in India
- Two drums together which are differnt in size and tones
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| | | | Tuba - Brass Instrument
- Largest and Lowest brass instrument
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| | | | Viola - String Instrument
- Larger and lower in tone than a violin
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